Coaxial (Sliding Gear) Starter Motor

Similar to the axial starter motor, the coaxial starter motor moves the pinion into engagement under reduced power and when it is fully meshed only then full power is applied. The main difference lies in the method of sliding the pinion into mesh with the ring gear. Instead of the whole armature assembly moving axially, in this type a solenoid mounted coaxially with the shaft in a housing moves only the pinion for engagement.

The main details of the circuit of a coaxial starting motor are shown in Fig. 15.30. The main terminal is connected directly to the battery and the terminal marked ‘sol’ is connected to the battery through the drivers starter switch. When this switch is operated, the two-stage solenoid is energized, which moves the pinion into mesh and also closes the first set of contacts, the second set is kept open by trip lever. During this period, a resistor limits the current to the main field, so the armature rotates slowly. Just before reaching the fully meshed position between the pinion and ring gear, a lever trips the second set of contacts. This action by-passes the resistor, and supplies full current to the main field so that the motor produces its maximum torque.


Fig. 15.31. Actions of coaxial starter.
A. At rest position. B. Cranking position.
C. Engaging position. D. Over-speed position.

The actions of one type of Lucas CAV motor are presented in Fig. 15.31. This design uses four steel balls, which lock the pinion sleeve to the shaft to avoid premature rejection of the pinion during spasmodically firing of the engine. When the engine starts and operates on it own, over-speeding of the motor is prevented by the centrifugal action of a set of steel balls placed adjacent to the locking balls. When a pre-set speed is reached, the centrifugal force on the balls moves the locking collar outward and allows the pinion to disengage. A return spring positioned at the flywheel end of the armature shaft helps pinion disengagement and holds the pinion clear of the flywheel during running of the engine.

In Bosch sliding-gear motors the main solenoid is installed at the opposite end of the motor to the pinion. This solenoid holds the pinion in full engagement position until the driver releases the starter switch. Drive from the armature to the pinion is transmitted by a multi-disc clutch. This clutch limits the torque to be transmitted and hence prevents over speeding of the motor by releasing the plates and slipping when the engine is started. Some motors have a shunt field winding, which limits the no-load speed and others use a brake winding that comes into action when the driver releases the starter switch.




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Axial (Sliding Armature) Starter Motor

The main features of this type starter motor are its size and robust construction. For the engagement of the pinion to the flywheel ring gear, the complete armature assembly slides axially through the motor casing. A simplified construction of the starter is illustrated in Fig. 15.27. In the figure, the motor is shown in the rest position. The armature is held by a spring so that it is offset to the field poles. When the field is energized, the armature is pulled to the left and the pinion is slid into engagement with the ring gear.

Figure illustrates the electrical circuit of the starter motor, which uses three field windings. The main wind­ing as usual is of thick-section and low-resistance wind­ing, and is connected in series to the armature. The auxiliary winding is wound with thinner wire so that it has a relatively high resistance, and is also connected in series with the armature but in parallel with the main winding. The holding winding is also a high-resistance winding but is connected in parallel with the armature as well as with the other two windings.

A two-stage solenoid switch, mounted on the starter operates the Delco Remy starter, and is energized by the driver’s

Fig. 15.28. Circuit of axial motor.

^switch. When the switch is operated, the first pair of contacts closes but the second pair is held open by a pawl that engages in a slot in the trip lever. Once the pinion is near fully engaged with the ring gear, the pawl allows the second pair of contacts to close.

Figure 15.29 illustrates the operation of the motor. Figure 15.30A shows the first pair of contacts is closed, which energizes the auxiliary windings, holding windings and armature. The armature rotates slowly and moves axially so that it is central to the field poles. Simultaneously,

the pinion is slowly slid into mesh with the ring gear. When the pinion is on the verse of its full engagement, the release disc on the armature strikes the pawl so that the trip lever closes the second pair of contacts (Fig. 15.29B). Now current passes through the main windings, causing the motor to develop its full torque.

Fig 15-29. Action of axial motor. A. Closure of first contacts. B. Closure of second contacts.

As cranking speed rises, the current through the main and auxiliary windings decreases due to back emf generated by the rotating armature, especially when engine fires spasmodically but does not actually start. Now the magnetic strength in the main and auxiliary winding is insufficient to oppose the armature return spring and hold the pinion in full engagement. However, this is prevented by the holding winding as the current in this winding is not affected by the back-emf. Once the pinion has de-meshed and the armature has returned back, the momentum of the rotating mass tends to keep the armature rotating. This is however resisted by the ‘generator effect’ developed due to the interaction of the holding winding and the armature. This electrical reaction quickly brings the armature to rest. The pinion joins to the armature shaft through a small multi-plate clutch, which serves two functions.

(i) It slips when the torque applied to it exceeds a predetermined limiting value, so that the starter is safeguarded from damage if the engine backfires.
(ii) It disengages when the engine starts and tends to drive the pinion faster than the armature, so that the armature is prevented from damage by excessive speed.

Fig. 15.30. Circuit diagram of coaxial starter.


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VALEO ACQUIRES GESTIGON, A DEVELOPER OF CABIN 3D IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE

Paris, March 13th, 2017 – Valeo has acquired all of the outstanding shares of gestigon, a German start‑up specialized in developing 3D image processing software for the vehicle cabin.

Designed to reinforce Valeo’s technological leadership in automated driving, this acquisition provides a solution to the need to develop simple, intuitive and effective human-machine interfaces (HMI) in a hyper-connected world. With the acquisition, Valeo will be able to develop its cabin comfort and driving assistance operations, particularly in high-growth technologies such as interior cameras and image processing.

These technologies are increasingly a key differentiating factor in the automotive industry, and gestigon’s cutting-edge artificial intelligence-based solutions will contribute to the development of Valeo’s automated driving strategy. The start-up’s software suite, which is compatible with all types of in-vehicle gesture and movement recognition sensors, signals a real technological breakthrough.

Building on Valeo’s existing Driver Monitoring system, which can sense driver drowsiness or distraction, the acquisition will lead to the development of a comprehensive offering of object and occupant detection features. Going forward, the vehicle will be able to analyze the cabin environment and seamlessly adapt to the occupants’ safety needs – by activating airbags, for example.

“We are delighted to welcome gestigon to the Valeo community,” said Marc Vrecko, head of Valeo’s Comfort and Driving Assistance Systems Business Group. “A leader in human-machine interface solutions, this start-up enjoys recognized expertise in the automotive industry. By combining our skills in a larger team, we will sharpen our edge and reinforce our leadership in autonomous and connected cars.”






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Heavy Vehicle Starter Motors

An engine with a capacity of more than 3 L requires a large starting motor, specifically for a compression-ignition (CI) engine. CI engines must be cranked at a speed of at least 100 rpm to initiate combustion. Due to a very high compression ratio in CI engines, the maximum torque required is greater than a petrol engine.

The high pressure in the cylinder accelerates the piston rapidly during its downward movement. This causes considerable variation of both the rotation­al speed and the resisting torque loading on the starter motor.

To achieve high starting power heavy vehicles normally use a 24 V system. For a given electrical power requirement, the doubling of the voltage compared with a 12 V systems, reduces the current by half. Without the extra 12 volts, the current load on the battery and starter circuit becomes exceptionally high, especially on a cold morning in winter. Another problem associated with large engines is the requirement of high torque to overcome breakaway and inertia of the heavy parts. It also needs a strong drive system and the pinion of this system must be fully meshed with the ring gear before the motor is fully powered. Two types of motor and drive system in use are axial (sliding armature), and coaxial (sliding gear).

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Global Automotive Starter Motor and Alternator Market

Global Automotive Starter Motor and Alternator Market: Overview

The research study analyzes the automotive starter motor and alternator market on global basis and provides estimates in terms of revenue (USD million) from 2015 to 2024. It describes the market dynamics affecting the industry and analyzes their impact through the forecast period. Moreover, it highlights the significant opportunities for market growth in the next eight years.

A starter motor in an automobile is one of the most vital components. It is an electric motor, which ignites the engine to start. It comprise of direct current electric motor and a starter solenoid. The starter motor is powered by the battery of the car and to turn over the engine, it requires very high electric current, which comes from the battery. On the other hand, automotive alternators are components in automobiles, which charges the battery and powers the electrical systems when the engine is running.

Global Automotive Starter Motor and Alternator Market: Regional Outlook

Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America are key markets for the future and are expected to provide huge opportunities to the global automotive Cummins starter motor and alternator manufacturers because of the growth in the automotive sector and increasing demand for passenger vehicles in the regions. Moreover, in the past five years, there has been an increasing production of vehicles globally because of the rising demand and usage of passenger vehicles. This in turn is driving the demand and growth of starter motors and alternators used in the production of automobiles.

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How to Replace a Car's Starter Motor---Part 5

Remove the battery ground. Now you can go below and remove the wires to the Denso starter. There will be a fat wire from the battery or, if your car uses one, an external solenoid. There will also be one smaller wire, either a ring lug on a stud or a spade lug, from the ignition key. Older vehicles with points-and-distributor ignition may have a third wire to the coil, bypassing the ballast resistor. Don't get them confused.

Now get a socket and ratchet and probably an extension, and remove the bolts holding the starter to the block. You may also need to remove a heat shield, brace or sheet-metal cover to get everything loose. Don't drop the starter onto your head as the last bolt comes out; it's as heavy as a bowling ball.

Don't get out from under the car just yet. Mark one tooth on the ring gear with some spray paint or even chalk, and inspect every single one of the 140 to 160 teeth by turning the engine over with a big screwdriver for one full revolution. Seriously damaged teeth will require replacement of the flex plate or flywheel, which commences with removing the transmission from the vehicle. Fear of the necessity of this should motivate you to fix a balky-but-still-barely-working starter before it damages the teeth. Labor to remove the transmission and replace the flex plate or flywheel will be 6 to 8 hours, more if you have four-wheel drive. Add in the cost of parts and a ring gear replacement could easily reach a thousand dollars or more.

Take your old starter motor to the auto parts store and exchange it. Don't be surprised if the new starter bears only a faint resemblance to the older one. The industry has been transitioning to smaller, lighter gear-reduction starters that use a higher-speed motor coupled to a planetary gearset to spin your engine faster while using less current. The new starter will have grease already in places where it's needed, so no further lubrication is necessary or desirable.

Replacement of the new starter is straightforward, at least if your vehicle doesn't require shimming the new starter. Snug up the mounting bolts, reinstall any braces, covers or heat shields, and hook up the wiring. All you need to do now is reconnect the battery ground, take the vehicle off the stands and start 'er up.

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The Trump administration’s trade strategy is dangerously outdated

The trade weapons of Navarro

ON THE marketing campaign path, Donald Trump’s trade coverage was an alarming combination of coruscating complaints and fierce threats of protectionist retaliation. However the world has been at nighttime about how a lot of this rhetoric his administration may flip into actuality. A flicker of sunshine got here on March 1st because the administration’s trade-strategy doc was introduced to Congress. Washington wonks see the hand of Peter Navarro, Mr. Trump’s trade adviser and writer of a guide (and movie) known as “Dying by China”. Robert Lighthizer, the nominee for America Trade Consultant (USTR), has not but been confirmed.

Little is new within the doc’s guarantees of “new and higher trade offers” or of strict enforcement of American trade legal guidelines. However a desire for bilateral trade offers over multilateral ones is a change of tack. And the tone is definitely confrontational: “It is time for an extra aggressive method.” The doc additionally provides a sign of how a Trump administration may take a trade struggle to China: through the use of sections 201 and 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.

The first weapon,…Proceed studying

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How to Replace a Car's Starter Motor---Part 4​​​​​​​

4. Bottom line, there should be 9 to 10 volts at the Delco Remy starter motor hot post when cranking. Don't forget to put the car in neutral or park and block the wheels so you don't run yourself over.

5. Battery cables okay? Try jumping—with jumper cables—directly from the battery positive terminal to the starter motor's solenoid post. If the solenoid pulls in and the starter turns over the engine, you've got a wiring problem.

6. If the solenoid doesn't pull in and energize the armature, try jumping directly to the motor's armature post, bypassing the solenoid. If the armature spins, the problem is in the solenoid or its wiring.

7. Don't forget that some antitheft systems will still disable the starter even if the crooks hot-wire the ignition key. And when something goes wrong with that alarm, you're stranded. It gets worse—it's usually difficult or impossible to disconnect the alarm, in order to keep the car thieves from doing so. Be prepared for serious reading of the factory shop manual or, if your alarm is aftermarket, a return to the alarm installer.

No More Excuses.

Regardless, you've determined that the starter is fried. Time to get to it. You might get lucky, especially if you have an FWD vehicle, and be able to swap starters from above the car. If not, the starter usually lives in a really remote location well underneath the car, somewhere near the side of the transmission. Don't try to do this on a hot car—which might seem to be superfluous advice if you can't even get it started—but invariably the exhaust system is nearby, and burns hurt. Also, protective eyewear is de rigueur, because you'll be dropping flakes of rust and underhood dirt from directly above your head into your baby blues. While you're waiting for the car to cool off, chock the wheels and jack it up a foot or so. Ramps will work, but I prefer a pair of sturdy jackstands. On the other hand, I've also been forced to do this in the middle of a muddy field by scooping out a trench to lie in.

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